In addition, electronics can reduce the systems average power consumption and noise generation of the motor. Control of induction motor drive using artificial neural network. The 3phase alternating current ac induction motors are mechanically simple, rugged, highly reliable, lower in cost per horsepower than dc motors and capable of more torque and efficiency than singlephase ac motors. In this post let us see what are the various methods to control the speed of induction motor. An induction motor model is then used to predict the voltage required to drive the flux and torque to the demanded values within a fixed time period. Slots are pressed out on the internal periphery of the stator laminations. In an adjustable speed drive like the dtc drive, the machine normally constitutes an element within a feedback loop and hence its transient behavior has to be taken into. Three phase motor control using scr the stator voltage can be reduced by delaying triggering pulses of the scr, if we delay these pulses the voltage may be reduced from rated ip voltage, which causes to decrease the speed of motor. The reason for describing induction motors as constant speed is because normally these motors have a constant speed depending on the frequency of. Before discussing the methods to control the speed of three phase induction motor one should know the necessary formulas of speed and torque of three phase induction motor as the methods of speed control depends upon these formulas 7 synchronous speed, ns. If the induction motor is operating in the linear magnetic region, the lm is constant. Speed control of induction motor using pi and pid controller.
The dc machine which is acting as the load to induction motor is controlled by a switch, for which a potentiometer is connected in series for varying the speed of the dc machine, so that the induction motor gets loaded and its speed also varies. Pdf thyristor based speed control techniques of dc motor. Hi all, so im working on a project titled controlling the speed of a single phase induction motor. These devices can be controlled using pwm signals to generate continuously variable drive voltages and currents. The aim of this study is to improve tracking performance of the induction motor drive.
This paper presents design and analysis of a three phase induction motor drive using igbt. Scalar control of induction motor drives using dspace ds1104. The speed control of poly phase induction motor can be done through the different methods. The rotor speed of an induction motor is given by the equation shown below. Jan 09, 2017 speed control methods of induction motor. In this model, speed of induction motor is controlled with proper firing angle of ac voltage controller. Speed control of induction motor using cycloconverter. This 3 phase motor is also called as an asynchronous motor. Energy efficient control of threephase induction motor drive. Power electronics thyristor controlled power for electric. Rotor induction motor can either type of wound or squirrelcage. Jan 28, 2020 the above explained method of controlling a 3phase induction motor is actually quite crude since it has no vhz control it simply employs switching the mains onoff at different rates to produce an average power to the motor and control the speed by altering this average ac to the motor.
The stator of a 3 phase induction motor is built up of sheet steel laminations insulated from each other. The speed response of induction motor is checked for without controller, with pi controller and with pid controller which is shown in figure 6, 7 and 8. Induction motor this openloop control are the following. Pwm controlled cycloconverter fed split phase induction motor international journal of advanced research in electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering, vol. Ac control was now possible with a single silicon power device. The need for energy conservation is increasing the requirements for saving the electrical energy. Induction motors are extensively used in industrial and household appliances and consume more than 50% of the total generated electrical energy. Speed of a 3 phase induction motor can be controlled by these methods. Phase angle control method is used for ac power control with thyristor. A full analysis is presented of the steadystate performance of a variablevoltage thyristor controlled induction motor system, based on the representation of the.
It supplies an induction motor ich has a full load speed of 144wh 0 rpm. Its are the most widely used motors for appliances, industrial control, and automation. The project is designed to control ac power to a load by using firing angle control of thyristor. A full analysis is presented of the steadystate performance of a variablevoltage thyristor controlled induction motor system, based on the representation of the rotor as a sinusoidal emf in. Transformer is a static device, used for step up or step down the ac voltages and works on the principle of mutual induction. Scalar control of induction motor drives using dspace ds1104 h. Speed control of a three phase induction motor using pwm inverter 1 jatin j. The principle of operation of this motor is based on. From the equation 1 it is clear that the motor speed can be changed by a change in frequency f, a number of poles p, and slip s. An843, speed control of 3phase induction motor using. An843, speed control of 3phase induction motor using pic18 mcus.
Thyristor controlled power for single phase induction motor. Thyristor is used as a switch to control flow of power. One text cannot cover all aspects of power electronics in detail. Power factor is low and lagging when the machine is lightly loaded 2. Proper induction motor speed control would of course be done using a variable frequency drive that varies the phase voltage in proper relation to the frequency as well. A three phase, 12 pole, salient pole alternator is coupled to a diesel engine running at 500 rpm. Induction motor drives starting braking speed control of. The results were obtained by three different simulation. Induction motor control is complex due to its nonlinear characteristics. Lecture 6 three phase induction motors cairo university. Rotorflux orientation i d axis of coordinate system is. Motor speed control quiz questions electrician exams. The reason for describing induction motors as constant speed is because normally these motors have a constant speed depending. You should also make a dc measurement of stator winding linetoline resistance using a dmm.
The perphase equivalent circuit of an induction motor is valid only in steadystate condition. Dec 10, 2012 in this model, speed of induction motor is controlled by using svpwm and pi based closed loop controller is designed. A 3phase ac induction motor can be controlled by varying its inputs according to a. Here we will discuss about the speed control of wound rotor induction motor using variation of rotor resistance. Induction motor or asynchronous motor is an ac electric motor in which the rotor torque produced is caused by electromagnetic induction from the stator winding of the magnetic field. By using field oriented control, torque and flux of the induction motors can be controlled independently as in dc motors. Phase angle control method of speed control of single phase. A splitphase motor whose auxiliary winding when connected with a capacitor in series becomes a capacitor start induction motor. Firstly threephase induction motor drive system is simulated in various modes using matlabxilinx, then finally closed loop control of induction motor is simulated using vf method. The paper in 5 state that the speed control of induction motor im using. Single phase induction motor speed control using microcontroller keywords triac, zero crossing detector, avr microcontroller, optocoupler induction motors are using any application such as industrial drives control, speed modulation of a singlephase motor. Direct torque control of three phase induction motor using. Phase angle control method of speed control of single.
Like all electrical machines, the induction motor consists of a stator and rotor. The paper presents simulation results about thyristor operation of a mains connected induction machine, both as a motor and as a generator. Speed control of a three phase induction motor using. Closed loop controller of induction motor feed by 3phase. Three phase induction motor drive using igbts and constant v. Pdf control limits of threephase ac voltage controller. Jun 08, 2019 nearly 80% of the worlds ac motors are poly phase induction motors. The dc motor whose speed is to be controlled using the pid controller in the fig.
The important aspects of operation, protection and control are described. Firstly threephase induction motor drive system is simulated in various modes using matlabxilinx, then finally closed loop control of induction motor is. Speed control of induction motor using pid controller pdf. The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a comparator whose output is then fed to the microcontroller. Thyristors are used so much in connection with the control of machines that it is worthwhile to go into some details of both the electric drive to be controlled and the possible thyristor control units. Induction motor can be controlled with the help of pid controller with the use. It is a 16 bit highperformance digital signal controller dsc. Speed control of an induction motor there is a various method of speed control of an induction motor. Induction motor speed control by thyrister youtube. The control performance of field oriented induction. The synchronous speed and therefore, the speed of the motor can be controlled by varying the supply frequency. Induction motor controlled by ac voltage controller file. Speed control of induction motor 7 ways to control induction.
So speed control of this motor is an important agenda. Ac power control with thyristor using pic microcontroller project is designed to control ac power flow across load. In this model, speed of induction motor is controlled by using svpwm and pi based closed loop controller is designed. To control both polarities of the ac supply either two scrs had to be used, co n nected in antiparallel, or a single scr inside a full wave bridge rectifier ref. Then, equation 1 can be shown in terms of magnitude as. Single phase induction motor speed control using microcontroller. Speed control of induction motor 7 ways to control. Induction motor model the main objective of dtc is to control the induction motor. Induction motor speed controlled by using thyrister based 3phase ac voltage controller. It has been more than a century since the principle of the operation of induction motors was discovered. Speed control of induction motor by variable frequency control variable frequency control is a method which is used to control the speed of an induction motor.
Pdf control of induction motor drive using artificial. Speed control of single phase induction motor using ac. In this thyristor, controlled power system, it is used for step down the 220 v into 12 v ac. E a lewis cycloconverter drive systems power electronics and variable speed drives, conference publication no. The above explained method of controlling a 3phase induction motor is actually quite crude since it has no vhz control it simply employs switching the mains onoff at different rates to produce an average power to the motor and control the speed by altering this average ac to the motor. Various induction motor speed control methods advantages. Three phase induction motor was fully automated using a plc. Motor cad induction motor combined electromagnetic and thermal model february 2015. Ac power control with thyristor using pic microcontroller. Due to this the induction motor gets loaded and its speed reduces. The present work was motivated to develop a scheme to monitor and control by using plc. Dec 10, 2012 induction motor speed controlled by using thyrister based 3phase ac voltage controller.
Induction motor is now called the racehorse of the industry 1. Model number m800006 outline dimension drawing see figure 4 nameplate data 1 see figure 5 rated frequency 50 hz motor location indoor altitude less than meters relative humidity less than 90% ambient temp 40 degrees c max duty type continuous weight approx. Simplified steadystateequivalent circuit of induction motor. Pdf simulation of thyristor operated induction generator. Pulse width modulation the most popular power devices for motor control applications are power mosfets and igbts. Line voltage control the torque developed varies with the square of the applied voltage.
An984, an introduction to ac induction motor control using. Rotor resistance control of induction motor electrical4u. In a torquecontrolled induction motor drive, the maximum output torque and output power besides depend on the motor power rating, also depend on the inverter current rating and the maximum voltage that the inverter can supply to the machine. Software platform namely siemens ladder logic programming s7200 was comprehended, analyzed and implemented.
The motor with national specifications is of heatproof class 120 e. Variable voltage variable frequency speed control of. In very simple words induction motors can be described as a threephase, selfstarting constant speed ac motors. Microcontroller based pwm controlled four switch three. In the 1960s, bidirectional thyristors, called triacs, where introduced. Performance of induction motor fieldweakening operation. The equivalent circuit used for obtaining the mathematical model of the induction motor is shown in the fig. The motor is mounted in a test rig that allows one to control the torque applied to the motor shaft and to measure both rpm and torque. Supply definition two methods are available to control the supply voltage of the induction machine. Speed control of induction motor by variable frequency control. Find the percentage slip and number of poles of the induction motor. Speed response of induction motor on full load condition with pi controller figure 8.
Speed response of induction motor on full load condition without any controller figure 7. Jun 08, 2019 before discussing, induction motor drives its important to understand and know about induction motors. Nearly 80% of the worlds ac motors are poly phase induction motors. It is therefore important to optimize the efficiency of electrical drive systems under certain operating conditions. Thyristor controlled power for induction motor eeweb. How to control the speed of 3 phase induction motor quora. The threephase ac induction motor is a rotating electric machine that is designed to operate on a threephase supply. Speed control of a three phase induction motor using pwm. The induction motor drive is a dynamic nonlinear system with uncertainty in the machine parameters. Pid controller for speed control of vsifed induction motor.
Steve bowling microchip technology an introduction to ac induction motor control using the dspic30f mcu. We know that t he speed of the induction motor is given by, from the above equation, the speed of the motor can be controlled by changing supply frequency and by changing number of poles in the stator. Power system, 2assistant professor, 3associate professor department of electrical engineering. Microcontroller based pwm controlled four switch three phase inverter fed. This configuration helps to improve the starting torque and the of the induction. Record all nameplate information for the induction motor. Disadvantages of 3 phase induction motor induction motor has low inherent starting torque draw large starting currents, typically 68 x their full load values speeds not easily controlled as dc motors operate with a poor lagging power factor when lightly loaded induction motor components an induction motor has two main parts.
Stopping or passing selected numbers of cycles is too crude for motor control. It is designed for highfrequency operation and has a low. The first industrial motors of this type were constructed at the end of the nineteenth century and soon gained the favor of users who appreciated their raggedness, simplicity and relatively low manufacturing cost compared to dc commutator motors. When the inverter power capability is higher than the machine power, it should be limited to. An introduction there are various methods for the speed control of an induction motor. Control of induction motors by using programmable logic. The synchronous speed of an induction motor is given by the relation shown below. For induction motor voltage control, the pulses need to be timed for each phase to occur at a point delayed from the zero crossing point the same number of degrees for each phase. This project is designed using pic16f877a microcontroller and zero crossing detection circuit.
1459 314 755 1443 1260 429 169 907 479 1246 1563 1248 197 708 659 1523 845 645 761 899 953 736 1150 713 223 78 479 801 1143 861 170 1161 930 1420 1147 908 381 1241 242 21 757 397 1435 281 294 1050 358 477 1472